Monaco is the second-smallest country on Earth, covering just 0.78 square miles (2.02 km²) on the French Riviera, between the mountains and the Mediterranean. It is also the most densely populated country, with apartment towers climbing steep hillsides, and around a fifth of its land has been reclaimed from the sea.
Its most famous natural setting is the Rock of Monaco, a rocky headland rising straight from the sea and topped by the old town and the Prince's Palace. Below it, the Larvotto marine reserve protects seagrass meadows and coral, and Monaco's waters are part of the Pelagos Sanctuary, a huge protected area for whales and dolphins.
Fin whales, sperm whales and striped dolphins feed in the deep water just offshore, and Mediterranean gulls and shearwaters skim over the waves. The Oceanographic Museum, built into the cliff face in 1910, has been a center for ocean science and sea life for more than a century.
Did You Know? The famous ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau ran Monaco's Oceanographic Museum for more than 30 years, from 1957 to 1988.
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